Follow guidelines for disposal of medical waste, including disposable medical instruments and patient-care devices, and PPE. Follow instructions for proper handling of patient laundry. Do not transport any non-smallpox patients in the vehicle until disinfection has occurred. Interior surfaces of spaces occupied by smallpox patients: Disinfect non-porous surfaces using EPA-registered hospital disinfectants approved to inactivate vaccinia virus as described above.
Fumigation of rooms, facilities, or vehicles is not indicated for environmental control of variola virus. Additionally, a properly engineered heating, ventilation, and air-condition HVAC system can minimize the possibility of airborne spread of variola virus in facilities providing care for smallpox patients.
Placing smallpox patients in airborne infection isolation rooms can help to limit distribution of virus in the air. Carpets and upholstery: Use a vacuum cleaner equipped with a high efficiency particulate air HEPA filter for cleaning carpeted floors or upholstered furniture. As long as the HEPA filter is installed properly and remains intact during use, you do not need to disinfect the vacuum cleaner. Place the full vacuum cleaner bag in another closable container and discard as routine solid waste.
Commercially available products are acceptable to remove visible soil. Handle Laundry Carefully Treat laundry carefully, as there have been reports of re-aerosolized transmission of variola virus from infected fabric and bedding fomites.
If you have wet textiles, first bag them, and then place the bags in a leak-proof container. Most, if not all, forms of containment used for routine healthcare laundry are acceptable for containing laundry generated in care areas for smallpox patients. Use routine laundry protocols for healthcare facilities to launder materials from smallpox patient care areas i.
However, their use may be considered if there is ever a smallpox outbreak. Tecovirimat and cidofovir are currently stockpiled by the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response ASPR external icon Strategic National Stockpile external icon , which has medicine and medical supplies to protect the American public if there is a public health emergency, including one involving smallpox.
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Prevention and Treatment. Minus Related Pages. Smallpox Vaccines Smallpox can be prevented by smallpox vaccines, also called vaccinia virus vaccines. If you get the vaccine: Before contact with the virus , the vaccine can protect you from getting sick. Within 3 days of being exposed to the virus , the vaccine might protect you from getting the disease.
If you still get the disease, you might get much less sick than an unvaccinated person would. Transmission to Contacts Vaccinia virus may be spread from person-to-person, which means that people who have close contact with recent vaccinees may be exposed to the virus and may be at risk of developing complications. Contributor Information Edward A. References 1. McNeill W. Plagues and Peoples. New York: Doubleday; Lane J, Goldstein J.
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This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Open in a separate window. Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. The hand of Sarah Nelms. Figure 4. Figure 5. Smallpox in India, s. Photo courtesy of the World Health Organization. References 1. Smallpox as a biological weapon: medical and public health management. Lakhani S. Hopkins DR. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Princes and Peasants: Smallpox in History. Barquet N, Domingo P.
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